• The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal HPA axis is a

  2025-02-12

  

  The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a neuroendocrine system that is central to regulating responses to stress (Palazidou, 2012). In older persons, a high dysfunction of the HPA axis is observed (Otte et al., 2005) which may be enhanced by stimulatory effects of genes involved in the axi

• In order to increase the

  2025-02-11

  

  In order to increase the oral bioavailability, abiraterone (157) is being used in the form of its 3β-acetoxy prodrug, abiraterone acetate (156). In spite of the fact that high-fat meals increase the oral Tyrosine kinase inhibitor of abiraterone acetate (156), it is recommended that this drug should

• Phospholipases cleave membrane phospholipids from

  2025-02-11

  

  Phospholipases cleave membrane phospholipids from inflammatory cells, activated platelets, erythrocytes, adipocytes and cancer carnitine palmitoyltransferase (Aoki et al., 2008, Neidlinger et al., 2006). Several reports have analysed the role of LPA and its receptors in the pathogenesis of RA. Zhao

• br Conflicts of interest br Acknowledgments The authors ackn

  2025-02-11

  

  Conflicts of interest Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge National Institute for Medical Research Development (NIMAD) project no. 940943 and National Research Institute for Science Policy (NRISP) no. 1456 for financial support of this work. AM appreciates National Institute for Genetic Eng

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements br Introduction

  2025-02-11

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements Introduction The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important intracellular signaling system that regulates diverse cellular functions, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis [1]. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (A

• br Activity and expression of aromatase

  2025-02-11

  

  Activity and expression of aromatase in the hippocampus The brain, like the adrenals, gonads and the placenta, is a steroidogenic organ. This paradigm emerged from studies carried out as early as the 1980s by Baulieu and co-workers; these studies showed that steroids such as pregnenolone and dehy

• Recently competitive inhibitors of arginase have been develo

  2025-02-11

  

  Recently, competitive inhibitors of arginase have been developed which have greater specificity for the enzyme. Initial development of these compounds involved determination of the crystal structure of arginase. Christianson and colleagues found that a binuclear manganese cluster was required for ca

• It is reported that calpain

  2025-02-11

  

  It is reported that calpain-2 plays a critical role in BDNF-induced signaling and memory formation, and knockdown of calpain-2, but not calpain-1, completely suppresses BDNF-induced pathway activation and protein translation (Briz et al., 2013). BDNF prevents neuronal apoptosis or death (Ferrer et

• The specific functions of ERs

  2025-02-11

  

  The specific functions of ERs and AR underline their crucial roles during different phases of spermatogenesis. Their deregulation could affect numerous downstream targets, thereby, disrupting spermatogenesis and male fertility. Various studies have shown that estrogen-like chemicals in the environme

• In a recent issue of Minokoshi and

  2025-02-11

  

  In a recent issue of , Minokoshi and colleagues have added more light to our understanding of the role of hypothalamic AMPK in the regulation of energy balance. Previous seminal work from the same group suggested that AMPK in the PVH might be involved in the modulation of feeding . Here, they show

• br Material and methods br Results Table

  2025-02-11

  

  Material and methods Results Table 1 shows that in addition to Leu/CysAP and DPPIV, genes for AspAP, ArgAP, MetAP, APM and PSA are expressed in adipocytes. The kinetic parameters of these AP are also shown in Table 1, revealing that APM has the highest Vmax and catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km),

• The rescue of the behavioral deficit was associated

  2025-02-11

  

  The rescue of the behavioral deficit was associated with a significant reduction in the levels of both soluble and insoluble Aβ peptides and their deposition in the MPTP hydrochloride of the same animals. In search for the mechanism behind the reduced amyloidosis, we assessed APP metabolism. Confir

• In fact serotonin is a major modulator of dopaminergic

  2025-02-10

  

  In fact, serotonin is a major modulator of dopaminergic (DA) neuronal activity through the 5-HT2C receptor. Studies have shown that the selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist Ro60-0175 blocks the burst-firing of mesolimbic DA neurons, which project from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus acc

• During the year study period of men

  2025-02-10

  

  During the 4-year study period, 19.9% of men in the dutasteride group developed prostate cancer as compared to 25.1% in the placebo group, which represents an absolute risk alkylation of dna of 5.1% for men taking dutasteride (Pe weighed against the prospect of undesirable sexual side effects and d

• br Funding br Introduction l Dihydroxyphenylalanine l DOPA i

  2025-02-10

  

  Funding Introduction l-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) is the gold-standard treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, its chronic use induces severe motor complications that eventually limit its long-term efficacy (Bastide et al., 2015). The most disabling side

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