• NOS is classified into three isoforms endothelial eNOS neuro

  2024-09-14

  

  NOS is classified into three isoforms: endothelial (eNOS), neuronal (nNOS), and inducible (iNOS), iNOS is expressed in macrophages (Eisenstein, Huang, Meissler Jr, & al-Ramadi, 1994) and osteoblast-like cells (Riancho et al., 1995) and is involved in the regulation of inflammatory reactions (Eisenst

• The elevated levels of intracellular antioxidant

  2024-09-14

  

  The elevated levels of intracellular antioxidant such as reduced glutathione (GSH) are normally oberserved is various tumor SC 560 which confers the chemoresistant to chemotherapy [59]. Therefore, the induction of oxidative stress via elevation of intracellular ROS and dimunition of intracellular G

• The first evidence in supporting the hypothesis that

  2024-09-14

  

  The first evidence in supporting the hypothesis that MAS receptors mediate the effects elicited by AT1 antagonists was provided by Iwai et al. (2012). The authors found that AT1 receptors triggers neointima formation after polyethylene-cuff placement around mouse femoral artery by reducing local ACE

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Amyloid deposit formation

  2024-09-14

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Amyloid deposit formation is defined by the aggregation of β-sheeted forms of proteins that appear as starch-like amorphous material [1], [2]. Using a Kongo red stain, amyloids show birefringence behavior and an apple-green to reddish multicolor emission. Extracere

• ERAP has been crystallized in

  2024-09-14

  

  ERAP1 has been crystallized in two different conformations, wherein the C-terminal domain IV is either closely interacting with domains I/II and enclosing the active site (termed ‘closed’), or is rotated away in a hinge motion which exposes the active site (‘open’). This large motion correlates with

• This development notwithstanding the chemotherapeutic treatm

  2024-09-14

  

  This development notwithstanding, the chemotherapeutic treatment for leukemia has stagnated over the last 40 years [35]. Main treatment options necessitate aggressive chemotherapy to target leukemic cells [36], [37], [38], [39]. Several limitations of current treatment options include the use of ant

• In a recent series of studies from our laboratory

  2024-09-14

  

  In a recent series of studies from our laboratory, to characterize the contractile systems within the rat gallic acid wall, three conditions were identified that led to detrusor activity: spontaneous micro-contractions, electrical field stimulated (EFS) contractions and muscarinic agonist induced co

• Introduction Diabetic nephropathy is a rapidly growing cause

  2024-09-14

  

  Introduction Diabetic nephropathy is a rapidly growing cause of end-stage renal disease [1]. Glomerular, tubular and vascular toxicity resulting from hyperglycemia (glucotoxicity) have been evaluated extensively at the molecular level as contributing factors for diabetic nephropathy [[1], [2], [3]]

• Renal cell carcinoma RCC accounts for more than cancer

  2024-09-14

  

  Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for more than 12,000 cancer deaths in the United States (Jemal et al., 2003). The current treatment includes surgical resection followed by interleukin-2 or Interferon-α treatment. Some patients experience distant metastatic lesions of RCC. In the last 5 years, re

• False positivity of Anti AChR

  2024-09-14

  

  False positivity of Anti-AChR Ab titers, due to cross reactivity with bungarotoxin, has previously been demonstrated. One such study reported that patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, who had received long term snake venom therapy, had developed antibodies to bungarotoxin and hence demonstra

• br Experimental procedure br Funding The

  2024-09-13

  

  Experimental procedure Funding The present study was supported by the Grant Russian Foundation for basic research (project no. 16-04-01517). Introduction 5-HT, a monoaminergic neurotransmitter, is synthesised from l-tryptophan catalysed by the enzymes tryptophan hydroxylase (Tph) and aroma

• Whereas more research is needed

  2024-09-13

  

  Whereas more research is needed to identify the precise mechanism by which FIN exerts its antidyskinetic effect, the MJ33 lithium salt that it can negatively modulate dopaminergic transmission is also supported by our previous findings. Indeed, we have previously shown that FIN completely reversed

• The present study indicates elevated ATX

  2024-09-13

  

  The present study indicates elevated ATX activity as a highly sensitive and specific biomarker to differentiate ICP from other pregnancy-related liver disorders or pruritic dermatoses. In pge2 to the current gold standard for diagnosis, total fasting serum bile salt levels, ATX appeared as a very r

• Pompe disease is accompanied by the deficiency of the lysoso

  2024-09-13

  

  Pompe disease is accompanied by the deficiency of the lysosomal α-1,4-glucosidase that makes the trk inhibitor unable to hydrolyze glycogen to glucose, thereby resulting in the accumulation of glycogen in lysosomes, especially in skeletal muscles and cardiac tissues. This accumulation results in th

• Several approved and or experimental drugs together with nat

  2024-09-13

  

  Several approved and/or experimental drugs, together with natural compounds, have been reported to induce autophagy in different cancer types [70], [71], [72] (Table 1). In the next paragraphs, we will review more in detail a group of these agents selected in relation to their promising future outco

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